With the Java Virtual Machine(JMV) supporting an increasing number of languages capable of running applications on the same infrastructure, a very valid question can be formulated with respect to the Java language.
Not to question the pervasiveness of the JVM, but will Java 'the language' (java/javac) be as pervasive running applications in the long term ? In this post James Strachan makes a case for Scala being a long term replacement for java/javac.
Read James Strachan's post 'Scala as the long term replacement for java/javac?':
http://macstrac.blogspot.com/2009/04/scala-as-long-term-replacement-for.html