How to write your first Java program

How to learn Java quickly

Looking for the quickest and simplest way to start learning Java?

Then my advice to you is to start your Java development journey with an online development environment such as Replit or Onecompiler and quickly write your first Java program. Here’s why:

• You don’t need to install the JDK.
• You don’t need to install an IDE.
• You don’t need to compile code.

All you need to do is open an online editor and code away! Which is exactly what we’re going to do here.

How to write your first Java program

The first non-trivial Java program I ever wrote was a number guessing game. It gave me a solid understanding of how variables, loops, and conditional statements work in Java. In this Java tutorial, I’d like to walk you through the same experience. Here are the steps we’ll follow as you create your very first Java program:

1. Open the OneCompiler website in your preferred web browser.
2. Switch to the JShell editor for a quick and interactive coding experience.
3. Run the classic “Hello, World!” Java program.
4. Declare two variables—one for the user’s guess, and one for the secret “magic” number.
5. Use conditional logic to check if the guess matches the magic number.
6. Accept user input to make the game interactive.
7. Add a loop so the game continues until the correct number is guessed.

By the end, you’ll have built a simple but meaningful Java program, and you’ll have picked up some fundamental and foundational programming skills along the way.

Run your Hello World! program in Onecompiler

Once you navigate to Onecompiler and select the JShell editor, you’ll find a program that runs the seminal Hello World! app is already coded for you.

Click the big red Run button to run your first Java program. The words Hello World! appear in the output window.

We’re not done yet. My promise was to help you create your first Java program that wasn’t trivial. Hello World! is as trivial as it gets.

Hello World! should be everyone’s first Java program.

Add variables to your first Java program

Our application requires two variables:

• One variable to represent the magic number to be guessed.
• The user’s attempt to guess the magic number.

We’ll also want to prompt the user to guess the magic number.

If we hardcode values for the magic number, our code looks like this:

var theMagicNumber = 7;
var theGuess = 5;

System.out.println("Guess the number!");

There are two things to keep in mind at this point in time:

• Java is case-sensitive.
• Statements end in semicolons.

If you violate either of those two Java programming rules, your first Java program won’t compile.

Add some conditional if statements

We want to check if the user’s guess is too low, too high, or exact, so add the following conditional logic to your application:

if (theGuess < theMagicNumber)
  System.out.println(theGuess + " is too low!");

if (theGuess > theMagicNumber)
  System.out.println(theGuess + " is too high!");

if (theGuess == theMagicNumber)
  System.out.println(theGuess + " is too high!");

Run the program with different values for theGuess and watch different results display in the output window.

Conditional logic in Java is done with if…else statements.

Iterative logic in our first Java program

We would like to keep asking the user to guess the magic number until they get it right.

That means we must enclose our conditional logic within the scope of a while loop.

Anything within the curly braces {} that follow a while statement will run until the condition of the while loop is met.

Here’s how our while loop works:

• The while loop keeps running if the user’s guess is not equal to the magic number.
• When the user’s guess is equal to the magic number, the loop exits.

The code for the while loop is as follows:

while(theGuess != theMagicNumber) 
{
  /* our conditional logic goes here */
}

A while loop allows our first Java program to perform iterative logic.

Add user input to the Java program

To take input from the user and make our program interactive, we must do three things:

• Add a //–execution local statement to the top of our file.
• Create a new instance of a class named Scanner.
• Assign theGuess variable to input from the user.

If this was a normal Java application run locally, we wouldn’t need to add the //–execution local statement at the top of the file. Nevertheless, it’s a small price to pay to run Java code online.

The statement to create the Scanner can go at the top of the file

Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);

With this code added, we can set the value of theGuess by calling the nextInt() method of the Scanner class:

theGuess = input.nextInt();

Provide values for input and run your first program.

Provide input values and run the program

Before you run the JShell program, enter some values under STDIN to be used as input.

I added the values 5, 9 and 7 as input.

Make sure the last number you provide as input matches your magic number, or else your program will loop forever.

Run your first Java program!

When you run your first Java program, you should see output that proves your variables, conditional logic and iterative statements all work.

Along with the prompts to input data, the conditional logic of my program generated the following output with the values of 5,9 and 7:

• 5 is too low!
• 9 is too high!
• 7 is correct!

That’s it! That’s how easy it is to write your first Java program!

What’s next?

Now if you’ve got this far, you should be proud of yourself. But don’t stop here. Take your skills to the next level by expanding on what you’ve already built.

There are a number of improvements we could make to this game, including the following:

• Randomize the magic number.
• Take input from Windows dialog boxes.
• Use if..else statements in the logic.
• Add a scoring system or limit the number of guesses.
• Display feedback messages based on how close the guess is.
• Wrap the game logic in a method or class to practice object-oriented programming.

But for now, if you successfully followed along, pat yourself on the back for a job well done, and revel in the fact that you’ve just successfully coded your very first Java program.