Front-end, back-end and middle-tier frameworks
The JDK and core Java APIs provide the plumbing for porcelain frameworks such as Spring Boot, Jakarta EE, Vaading and JavaServer Faces. An enterprise developer must know how the most critical middle-tier, front-end and back-end Java frameworks function. Follow expert software development roadmaps and explore the essential Java frameworks that simplify modern software development.
Top Stories
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Tip
11 Jul 2025
Spring, Quarkus or Jakarta EE? How to choose a Java framework
Choosing a Java framework is not about which one is best, it's about accepting their tradeoffs of stability, flexibility and complexity. Here's how to evaluate each vs. your needs. Continue Reading
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Video
06 Jun 2025
Spring Boot auto-configuration
Ever wondered how Spring Boot knows how to automatically configure a MySQL database or Kafka queues? This quick tutorial on the @AutoConfiguration annotation explains how it works. Continue Reading
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Video
02 Jun 2025
Spring Boot logging tutorial
Still using System.out.println? Discover the right way to handle logging in Spring Boot with SLF4J, profiles and pro tips you'll wish you knew earlier. Continue Reading
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Video
29 May 2025
Spring XML configuration
Want to consolidate your Spring configuration into a single file, and avoid 'annotation overload?' An XML-based Spring configuration might be the answer. Continue Reading
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Blog Post
07 May 2025
How to use Swagger with Spring Boot
The easiest way to build, test and document RESTful APIs built with Spring Boot? Simply add Swagger to your Spring Boot project and let OpenAPI do it for you. Continue Reading
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Video
05 May 2025
Learn JavaFX tutorial
Did you think desktop development in Java was dead? Hardly. This JavaFX crash course explains the basics and walks through an example of modern Java desktop GUI development. Continue Reading
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Tip
28 Apr 2025
The state and future of Java desktop application development
In today's world of web application development and SaaS, what does the future hold for Java desktop applications? It's brighter than you might think. Continue Reading
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Video
09 Apr 2025
How a Java HashMap internal implementation works
One of the most commonly asked advanced Java interview questions is: How does a HashMap work internally? If you want to grok the interview, you'll need to know these details. Continue Reading
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Video
21 Mar 2025
Introduction to JavaFX tutorial for beginners
Did you think desktop development in Java was dead? Far from it. Here's how JavaFX has brought desktop programming in Java back to life. Continue Reading
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Definition
13 Mar 2025
What is a web development framework (WDF)?
A web development framework is a set of resources and tools for software developers to build and manage web applications, web services and websites, as well as to develop application programming interfaces (APIs). Continue Reading
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Video
03 Mar 2025
Build Java SOAP web services in Eclipse with Jakarta EE
REST-based web services are popular, but there's a home in modern enterprise architectures for SOAP-based web services. Here's how to build them using Jakarta EE in Eclipse. Continue Reading
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Tip
21 Feb 2025
Why use JavaFX in 2025?
As a modern GUI framework, JavaFX is alive and kicking with a very broad community and many active projects. Here are some resources to deepen your knowledge and spark inspiration. Continue Reading
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Video
20 Feb 2025
How to use the Spring Boot application.properties file
Need to externalize database configuration? Want to customize how Spring autoconfiguration works? The key to it all is Spring's application.properties file. Here's how to use it. Continue Reading
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Video
10 Feb 2025
How to install Visual Studio Code for Java
What's your favorite IDE? Most Java developers say Eclipse or IntelliJ, but TypeScript and Python devs often say VS Code. Maybe it's time to give Visual Studio Code for Java a try? Continue Reading
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Tutorial
23 Jan 2025
JavaScript, React and object-oriented programming
This tutorial ties together JavaScript, React and object-oriented programming to show developers how to use the React framework's powerful and flexible features and functions. Continue Reading
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Tip
10 Jan 2025
Swing vs. JavaFX: Compare Java GUI frameworks
Swing has been used with Java GUIs since 1998, but there are good reasons to adopt JavaFX instead. Here's how to know which to choose for your next Java project. Continue Reading
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Blog Post
06 Jan 2025
How to download and install Java 21 on Windows
2024 is a great time to start working with Java, because 2023's Java 21 release has some amazing new features. Here's how to quickly download and install the Java 21 JDK. Continue Reading
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Tip
19 Dec 2024
A JavaScript functional programming basic tutorial
JavaScript's versatility makes it useful for webpages and web servers, but also functional programming. This tutorial shows how to implement JavaScript functional programming. Continue Reading
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Video
16 Dec 2024
Inversion of control vs. dependency injection
This video tutorial explains the relationship between dependency injection and inversion of control as well as how they underpin the Spring framework. Continue Reading
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Tip
12 Dec 2024
Django vs. Flask: Comparing Python web frameworks
Django's batteries-included approach might be excessive for small projects. Flask is lightweight, but a lack of built-in tools can add to development time. Analyze the tradeoffs. Continue Reading
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Video
03 Dec 2024
Spring Boot, Hibernate, JPA and MySQL
Ever use ChatGPT to create a web-based front end for a RESTful Spring Boot back end? This fun video tutorial on Spring, Hibernate and JPA is your opportunity. Continue Reading
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Tip
27 Nov 2024
Understanding the 7 principles of functional programming
Java and C++ ushered in object-oriented programming, but now Python and JavaScript popularize functional programming. These seven principles of functional programming explain why. Continue Reading
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Definition
22 Nov 2024
What is a framework?
In general, a framework is a real or conceptual structure intended to serve as a support or guide for the building of something that expands the structure into something useful. Continue Reading
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Video
19 Nov 2024
Java, JDBC and SQL Server tutorial
This tutorial shows how to create a JDBC connection to Microsoft's SQL Server, and get started creating Java-based applications that are scalable and secure. Continue Reading
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Video
15 Nov 2024
Spring Initializr for Spring Boot
The Spring Initializr is the easiest way to get started with a new Spring Boot project. Here's a tutorial on how to use it. Continue Reading
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Tip
14 Nov 2024
MySQL vs. PostgreSQL: Compare popular open source databases
This deep dive compares two popular open source database options, MySQL vs. PostgreSQL, across key categories including performance, compliance, security, scalability and more. Continue Reading
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Video
08 Nov 2024
Spring Batch tutorial
There are two common approaches to batch processing in Spring Boot: the Tasklet and the ItemProcessor. This tutorial explains why the ItemProcessor is best for large data sets. Continue Reading
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Video
06 Nov 2024
Spring vs. Spring Boot vs. the Spring Framework
Ever wonder what the distinction is between Spring Boot and the Spring Framework? Or exactly what the term 'Spring' refers to? Here's your answer. Continue Reading
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Video
05 Nov 2024
Create a React Hello World program
Discover a new take on the classic React Hello World program. Go beyond the basics and explore state management, event handling and best practices to build progressive web apps. Continue Reading
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Video
01 Nov 2024
Spring Boot CRUD operations
What's your preferred approach to perform Spring CRUD operations? I always choose Spring Data's CrudRepository. Anything else is too much work. Continue Reading
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Video
31 Oct 2024
Spring Boot Actuator tutorial
What's the easiest way to get insights into how your Spring Boot applications are running? The Spring Boot Actuator is the answer. Continue Reading
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Video
31 Oct 2024
Spring Boot ConfigurationProperties tutorial
Need to convert structured data in a Spring YAML or properties file into lists, maps and inner classes? Just use the @ConfigurationProperties decoration in Spring Boot. Continue Reading
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Video
15 Oct 2024
How Spring Boot @Component and @ComponentScan annotations work
There are many ways to configure Spring's ApplicationContext. The easiest way? That's through Spring's Component and ComponentScan annotations. Here's how to use them. Continue Reading
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Video
10 Oct 2024
Spring profiles in Spring Boot tutorial
Ever struggle with the constant discrepancies between dev, UAT and production? Spring profiles make such configuration issues a thing of the past. Here's how they work. Continue Reading
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Blog Post
04 Oct 2024
How do you change the Spring Boot startup banner?
Tired of seeing that Spring Boot banner pop up every time you redeploy your microservices? Here's how to turn it off. Or even better, customize it to your liking. Continue Reading
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Blog Post
03 Oct 2024
How the Spring @Profile annotation works
Everyone is used to configuring multiple properties files to support Spring profiles, but the Spring @Profile annotation allows you to control the Spring's dependency injection behavior at runtime too. Continue Reading
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Video
01 Oct 2024
Dependency injection in Spring
There's more to dependency injection than calling parameterized constructors and passing components to methods. This tutorial examines what it means to support DI and IoC. Continue Reading
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Blog Post
01 Oct 2024
Benefits of Spring Boot's application.yml file with examples
Are you still stuck in the dark ages, configuring your Spring Boot apps with application.properties files? You really should start using an appliation.yml file. Here's just a few of the benefits ... Continue Reading
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Video
23 Sep 2024
Get started with Spring Tools Suite 4
Getting started with Spring Boot has never been easier. The Spring Tools Suite for Eclipse comes with everything you need to write, compile and test your Spring-based apps. Continue Reading
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Video
19 Sep 2024
Inversion of control in Spring
All enterprise development frameworks are built around inversion of control. This IoC example demonstrates how it manifests itself in frameworks like Spring and Jakarta EE. Continue Reading
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Video
16 Sep 2024
Dependency injection and inversion of control in Spring
At the heart of every Spring project, be it Spring AI, Spring MVC or Spring Data, lies a powerful dependency injection and inversion of control container. Here's how it works. Continue Reading
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Video
06 Sep 2024
Simple Spring Hello World program
Many developers work with Spring Boot every day but don't really understand how dependency injection works. Build your foundation in Spring with this simple Hello World program. Continue Reading
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Video
04 Sep 2024
Model-view-controller design pattern tutorial
How well do you know the MVC design pattern? The basic concept is simple, but the details trip up many developers. This deep dive explores what MVC is and how to best implement it. Continue Reading
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Video
26 Aug 2024
Difference between the Spring Framework and Spring Boot
You can use the Spring Framework to build microservices without using Spring Boot, but should you? To answer that, you must know the difference between Spring and Spring Boot. Continue Reading
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Video
26 Aug 2024
Spring Boot vs. Spring MVC: What's the difference?
You've used Spring Boot to build microservices. You've also used Spring MVC. But what's the difference? Here we look at the differences between Spring Boot and Spring MVC. Continue Reading
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Video
22 Aug 2024
How to dockerize Spring Boot apps
Spring Boot and Docker naturally fit together. Here's how to dockerize your Spring Boot application in just a few easy steps. Continue Reading
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Video
19 Aug 2024
Spring Web MVC crash course
There's still a place in the world for server-side rendering. Learn the Java way to build HTTP responses on the server with this Spring MVC crash course for beginners. Continue Reading
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Video
13 Aug 2024
Standalone Spring Boot console apps with CommandLineRunner
Want to create a Spring Boot application that runs at the command line? It's easy. Simply implement the CommandLineRunner interface, and override the required run method. Here's how. Continue Reading
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Video
02 Aug 2024
RestController vs. Controller: What's the difference?
Spring 4 introduced the RestController to simplify RESTful API development, but most Spring Boot developers still don't know how it differs from the Spring MVC Controller. Continue Reading
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Video
30 Jul 2024
Spring Boot REST API crash course
If you want to master RESTful API development in Java, you need to learn the Spring Boot web APIs. This REST tutorial gets you up to speed quickly on Spring Boot and REST. Continue Reading
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Video
17 Jul 2024
How to install MySQL on Windows
Need a well-maintained, open-source, standards-based database to test your Java apps and Spring Boot microservices? Here's how to download and install the MySQL Community Edition. Continue Reading
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Tip
13 May 2024
How the back-ends-for-front-ends pattern works
A back-ends-for-front-ends microservices pattern uses an API layer to preprocess data, handle calls and responses, and simplify development efforts. Here's how it all works. Continue Reading
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Video
10 May 2024
Java records tutorial
Java is constantly evolving, but some changes are more significant than others. This Java records tutorial teaches you about this decade's largest language enhancement to date. Continue Reading
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Tip
01 May 2024
Use sealed classes in Java to control your inheritance
Need to limit the number of possible subclasses in your codebase? Here comes Java's sealed classes to your rescue. Continue Reading
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Tip
11 Apr 2024
Speed up Python and NumPy by avoiding the conversion tax
Data and memory transfers in Python come with a hidden performance tax. Here's how to use NumPy for optimal performance by avoiding jumps across a hidden line of conversions. Continue Reading
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Video
04 Apr 2024
How Java 17 records work
Devs aren't using Java 17 records nearly enough. With the power to clean up your code and make your apps faster, Java records should be the norm and not the exception. Continue Reading
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Tutorial
27 Mar 2024
How the saga design pattern in microservices works
When a sequence of steps must be performed to support an operation, the microservices saga design pattern is a perfect fit. Continue Reading
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Blog Post
14 Feb 2024
String to long in Java
The correct way to convert a String to long in Java is with the parseLong method of the wrapper class. The constructor conversion approach is deprecated! Use parseLong instead. Continue Reading
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Blog Post
01 Feb 2024
Why the Java const keyword is unimplemented
Why is the const keyword in Java not implemented? It's part of the language, but it can't be used to make a variable constant. Here's why const is included in Java, and why Java's const keyword is ... Continue Reading
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Blog Post
17 Jan 2024
Solve the prefix sum problem with SIMDs and Vector APIs
The incubating Java Vector API gives software developers access to fast and efficient SIMD operations. Here's an example of how to solve the prefix sum problem with SIMDs and Vectors. Continue Reading
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Blog Post
09 Jan 2024
Find duplicates in a List in Java
Need to dedupe a Java list? Here are 5 simple ways to remove duplicates from a List in Java. Continue Reading
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Blog Post
08 Jan 2024
The prefix sum array problem
The prefix sum problem is often used to test a developer's mettle. Here's a simple solution to the prefix sum problem in Java that uses loops, arrays and basic Java syntax. Continue Reading
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Tip
04 Jan 2024
How the event sourcing design pattern works, with example
Learn how to control state changes as immutable events through the event sourcing model. Continue Reading
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Blog Post
27 Dec 2023
Remove duplicates from a Java List
Deduping is a common part of data cleansing. Here are four simple ways to remove duplicates from lists in Java. Continue Reading
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Blog Post
17 Dec 2023
How to code your first Mojo program
There's a new programming language named Mojo in the works that is set to revolutionize AI and ML while fixing all that's wrong with Python. Here is how to code your first Mojo program. Continue Reading
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Blog Post
06 Dec 2023
How the Actor Model works by example
For enterprise systems that need a flexible, asynchronous and message driven architecture, the Actor Model is often the right fit. Continue Reading
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Definition
03 Nov 2023
client-server network
A client-server network is a distributed communications architecture in which a centralized server receives and responds to requests for services and data from multiple clients. Continue Reading
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Blog Post
18 Sep 2023
Java vs. Python: Application code comparison
When you compare Java vs. Python application development in terms of simplicity, conciseness, security and performance, Java comes out on top in every category. Continue Reading
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Tip
15 Sep 2023
Idempotent HTTP methods and REST
The Hypertext Transport Protocol requires all HTTP verbs to identify as idempotent or not. But what is an idempotent method, and how does idempotence apply to RESTful API design? Continue Reading
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Blog Post
12 Sep 2023
Is Python's GIL the software world's biggest blunder?
Python can't thread across cores, and the reason why dates back 30 years to a fatally flawed assumption that computers of the future would have only one CPU. Continue Reading
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Blog Post
05 Sep 2023
How to install Git on Windows
Need to install Git on Windows? This quick Git install tutorial shows you how to quickly download, install and configure Git on Windows 10. Continue Reading
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Blog Post
05 Sep 2023
Clean Git up!
There comes a time where you must clean up Git branches, commits and the repository as a whole. Here we show you how to compact your Git repo and keep things clean. Continue Reading
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Blog Post
04 Sep 2023
How to git clone a specific commit
Need to git clone a specific commit? There's no single command to do it, but clever use of branch and reset commands makes it possible to clone a single, specific git commit. Continue Reading
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Blog Post
02 Sep 2023
How to git clone a specific branch
Need to git clone a single, specific branch? In this quick example, we show you how to git clone a specific branch to help save your builds time and space. Continue Reading
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Blog Post
31 Aug 2023
Git push new local branch to remote
Did you create a new Git branch? Need to push that local Git branch to a remote repo like GitHub, BitBucket or GitLab? This example shows you how to git push new local branches remotely. Continue Reading
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Blog Post
31 Aug 2023
GitKraken tutorial for beginners
Who needs a GitKraken crash course? For those who want a top-tier Git GUI tool that can help accelerate software development, this GitKraken tutorial for beginners is for you. Continue Reading
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Blog Post
24 Aug 2023
GitHub Desktop Tutorial for beginners
Need to learn how to use GitHub Desktop? This quick and thorough GitHub Desktop tutorial for beginners will teach you all the fine points of source code management both locally and in the cloud. Continue Reading
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Blog Post
22 Aug 2023
How to delete local and remote Git branches
There's no single Git command that will delete a remote and local Git branch. But these two commands will get the job done. Need to delete remote and local Git branches? Here's how to do it. Continue Reading
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Blog Post
21 Aug 2023
HTTP request methods explained
While there are almost 40 registered HTTP request methods, most RESTful web developers only use five of them. Here are the most important HTTP methods and examples of how to use them. Continue Reading
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Blog Post
21 Aug 2023
PUT vs POST: What's the difference?
What's the difference between PUT and POST methods? Here we compare POST versus PUT in terms of idempotence, URL usage, payloads and their use in RESTful APIs. Continue Reading
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Definition
13 Jul 2023
Remote Method Invocation (RMI)
Remote Method Invocation (RMI) is an application programming interface (API) in the Java programming language and development environment. Continue Reading
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Quiz
20 Jun 2023
10 WebAssembly questions to test your Wasm knowledge
Test your knowledge of WebAssembly with this tough, ten-question quiz on the benefits and applications of the new Wasm standard. Continue Reading
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Blog Post
04 Jun 2023
Hibernate and JPA column mapping with annotations
Effective Hibernate and JPA column mapping requires the use of the @Column annotation to set important properties such as nullability, uniqueness, precision and scale. Continue Reading
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Blog Post
01 Jun 2023
How System.out in Java works
New developers are often confused by the line of System.out.println() code they write when first introduced to Java. Here's a quick explanation of what System.out.println() means. Continue Reading
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Blog Post
25 Apr 2023
Hello World in Python vs Java
'Hello World' is a silly criterion to use when comparing programming languages. Yet here we are, comparing 'Hello World' in Java vs Python. We'll let you judge the winner. Continue Reading
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Tip
24 Apr 2023
Smart contracts, blockchain and decentralized computing
Industries such as manufacturing and finance are turning to decentralized computing technologies, in the form of smart contracts and blockchains, to solve complex problems. Continue Reading
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Blog Post
13 Apr 2023
How to check the technology a website is built with
Want to lookup the technologies your favorite website was built with? Here are five different ways to check which technologies a website uses. Continue Reading
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Blog Post
08 Mar 2023
long to String in Java
The easiest way to convert from a long to a String in Java is to add the long to an empty set of double quotes with the plus operator. If that's not good enough, here's a list of other conversion ... Continue Reading
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Tip
22 Feb 2023
Why WebAssembly? Top 11 Wasm benefits
Latency and lag time plague web applications that run JavaScript in the browser. Here are 11 reasons why WebAssembly has the potential to completely change that. Continue Reading
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Blog Post
10 Feb 2023
How to run Java in the browser with WebAssembly
There's an easy way to run Java in the browser now that WebAssembly is a W3C standard. In this Java and WebAssembly tutorial, we show you how to compile Java into WASM, and invoke your Java code in ... Continue Reading
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Tip
28 Dec 2022
How developers can stay motivated when working remotely
Feeling like you've lost your edge in your remote work? Follow these tips to stay energized, sharpen your skills, and tighten relationships in your company and career. Continue Reading
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Feature
07 Jul 2022
Is HTML a programming language?
Unlike Java, Python or C, HTML is not a programming language because it lacks variables, conditional statements or iterative loops. But so what? HTML has a bigger role to play. Continue Reading
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Blog Post
07 Feb 2022
Node.js file upload example with Ajax and JavaScript
The Node.js file upload process is made easy with libraries like 'fs' and 'formidable.' In this JavaScript and Node.js file upload example, we show you how to move files from the browser to the ... Continue Reading
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Quiz
24 Jan 2022
12 tough Bootstrap 5 quiz questions for web developers
Just how well do you know Bootstrap 5? These 12 tough Bootstrap quiz questions will test your mettle. Continue Reading
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Quiz
10 Dec 2021
A 12-factor app principles quiz for cloud-native developers
The 12-factor app principles are a must for those who perform cloud-native development. Try your hand at this 12-factor quiz to test your knowledge on the fundamentals. Continue Reading
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Blog Post
29 Nov 2021
Top 5 things to know about the Jakarta Servlet 6.0 API release
Jakarta EE 10 includes a full increment release of the Servlet API. Here are the top 5 features Java devs will enjoy when the Jakarta Servlet 6.0 API arrives. Continue Reading
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Blog Post
29 Nov 2021
The 5 things devs should know about the Jakarta Servlet 6.0 API release
Jakarta EE 10 includes a full increment release of the Servlet API. Here are the top 5 features Java devs will enjoy when the Jakarta Servlet 6.0 API arrives. Continue Reading
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Definition
15 Oct 2021
CSS (cascading style sheets)
This definition explains the meaning of cascading style sheets (CSS) and how using them with HTML pages is a user interface (UI) development best practice that complies with the separation of concerns design pattern. Continue Reading
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Feature
06 Aug 2021
How to build a Spring Boot 12-Factor app
Here we look at how the Spring Boot framework supports the Twelve-Factor App methodology, and where tools such as GitHub, Docker and Kubernetes fill in the voids. Continue Reading
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Definition
16 Jul 2021
What is inversion of control (IoC)?
Inversion of control, also known as the Hollywood Principle, changes the control flow of an application and allows developers to sidestep some typical configuration hassles. Continue Reading
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Tip
25 Jun 2021
Library vs. framework: How these software artifacts differ
Libraries are low-level components that deliver a specific function, such as establishing a network connection. A framework is a known programing environment, such as Spring Boot. Continue Reading
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Feature
15 Mar 2021
Why Java devs should switch to Python or R for data science
Java devs looking to explore or work in data science may need another language up their sleeves. Python and R are common Java alternatives for data science. Continue Reading